Questions, answers and discussions regarding general pathology
HomeQ: Besides necrosis and apoptosis in cell death you mention various other forms – are they significant in human pathology, and could you name where they are encountered?
Q: Besides necrosis and apoptosis in cell death you mention various other forms – are they significant in human pathology, and could you name where they are encountered?
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Currently forms of cell death like autophagic PCD (PCD = Programmed Cell Death), pyroptosis and paraptosis have been associated to human pathology, although the evidence for these forms are much weaker than for apoptosis and oncosis (=necrosis). Pyroptosis has been observed in macrophages after Salmonella infections, and yearly nearly 1 billion humans experience this disease. The Atg genes associated with autophagic PCD have been found in many organisms including yeasts, flies and mammals, especially the atg6 gene may play a role in tumor development. Autophagic PCD may play a role in neurodegerative diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, and maybe in some forms of myopathy.
Paraptosis has been induced through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and has been associated with degenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, since dying cells related to these diseases have shown morphological characteristics not seen in apoptosis – and paraptosis may be associated to non-caspase activated cell death induction as seen in some forms of prostate cancer. Again, it should be noted that many of these observations still need more profound evidence to be generally accepted as unique forms of cell death.
Currently forms of cell death like autophagic PCD (PCD = Programmed Cell Death), pyroptosis and paraptosis have been associated to human pathology, although the evidence for these forms are much weaker than for apoptosis and oncosis (=necrosis). Pyroptosis has been observed in macrophages after Salmonella infections, and yearly nearly 1 billion humans experience this disease. The Atg genes associated with autophagic PCD have been found in many organisms including yeasts, flies and mammals, especially the atg6 gene may play a role in tumor development. Autophagic PCD may play a role in neurodegerative diseases like Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, and maybe in some forms of myopathy.
Paraptosis has been induced through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and has been associated with degenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, since dying cells related to these diseases have shown morphological characteristics not seen in apoptosis – and paraptosis may be associated to non-caspase activated cell death induction as seen in some forms of prostate cancer. Again, it should be noted that many of these observations still need more profound evidence to be generally accepted as unique forms of cell death.